A2548

Determining System Polarity $2.5 Reduced from $3.5. You save $1.00!!

Basic Acoustics – Speaker Polarity

A look at speaker systems and phase and polarity. A method of measuring the absolute and/or relative polarity of a speaker system is given.

A2533

Compromising The Sound Stage $2.5 Reduced from $3.5. You save $1.00!!

Basic Article on Hearing and Localization

How our fight-or-flee instincts cause us to localize on sounds. The definition of a phantom center and the Law of the First Wavefront are presented. The problem with localizing in a car audio system are discussed.

A2453

Crossover Corner $3.5

Basic article on passive & active circuitry

This article covers capacitors, inductors, 2 and 3 way crossovers, by-pass capacitors, designing crossover points, voltage ratings, and safety caps to protect speakers.

A2588

Ampere's Theorem $3.5

Basic Electronics

This article concerns the flow of current through a conductor. Electrical currents cause magnetic fields. Magnetic flux, magnetic induction and co-axial signal cables are discussed.

A2592

Resistance of Cylindrical Wires $3.5

Basic Electronics

Using the CRC Handbook to determine the resistance of large gauge power cables. The difference between contesting and real-life requirements.

A2594

RC Time Constant $3.5

Basic Electronics

As a capacitor discharges through a resistance, the voltage across the cap drops. This time can be calculated and very useful for car audio applications.

A2625

Choosing The Right Fuse $3.5

Basic Electronics

A look at the history of fuses and how they work. Choosing the right fuse for the job can be interesting. Modern circuit breakers are a better idea. Find sources for the latest in breakers.

A2631

Another Version of Ohm's Law $3.5

Basic Electronics

A look at Ohm’s Law from a practical perspective. The concept of current limiting and a mention of positive ground cars is also included.

A2411

Pulse Doubling Circuit $2.5 Reduced from $3.5. You save $1.00!!

Basic Electronics – 1 Pulse In and 2 Pulses Out

Using a N-67 Pulse Stretcher and a couple of Bosch type relays, this article explains how to convert one pulse into two pulses for releasing trunks, etc.

A2568

Charging a Lead Acid Battery When Out of Car $3.5

Basic Electronics – Battery Charging

The definitions of initial charge, normal charge, equalizing charge, floating charge and fast charge are presented. This articles describes a way to use batteries for store demo boards and home use.

A2400

Basic Electrical Measurements $2.5 Reduced from $3.5. You save $1.00!!

Basic Electronics – Definitions

Definitions of current, voltage, and resistance. How meters work and how to measure power.

A2421

Tech Tips $3.5

Basic Electronics – Grounding, OEM Signal Level & Transistor Switches

This article covers three topics. Grounding order, OEM signal level matching, and using transistors instead of mechanical relays. Drawings and schematics are presented.

A2516

Tips On Debugging With Your Little Amp $2.5 Reduced from $3.5. You save $1.00!!

Basic Electronics – Portable Amp

This article deals with a small, battery powered, isolated amplified speaker. The speaker can be used for a variety of car audio applications. One photo and one diagram included.

A2559

Voltage Dividers $3.5

Basic Electronics – Resistors in Circuit

This article discusses voltage drops across resistors in series. Ohm’s Law is used to calculate the current flowing in the circuit and voltage drops are calculated and then measured. Real life problems and situations are presented.

A2423

The History Of Equalization II $3.5

Basic Electronics – RTAs, Variable Q, and Signal Level

The history of the equalizer, Part II is continued. Limitations on RTA measurements and filter types are explained. Tips on system tuning and using RTAs are provided.

A2422

Testing Competition Headpieces $3.5

Basic Electronics – Source Impedance

The definition of source impedance (output impedance) is presented along with measuring techniques. Good specs and bad specs are discussed.

A2510

The Oscilloscope - A Great Tool $2.5 Reduced from $3.5. You save $1.00!!

Basic Electronics – The Scope II

Engineer Carl Miller’s second article on the oscilloscope as a tool for car audio. The inner workings, horizontal and vertical axis, triggering, graticules, and more are explained. Practical examples and drawings are presented.

A2426

Waves III $3.5

Basic Electronics – Waves and Sound

The effects of wave propagation inside a car are explained. Phase differences, arrival time, and combining sound waves are discussed. Photos of sound waves in air are included.

A2408

The Art of Grounding $2.5 Reduced from $3.5. You save $1.00!!

Basic Electronics –Car Audio Grounds

The definitions of a circuit ground and chassis grounds are given. The differences between Single Point Grounding and Multiple Point Grounding is explained. The merits of proper soldering, crimping, and clamping are discussed.

A2546

Fusing Stiffening Capacitors $2.5 Reduced from $3.5. You save $1.00!!

Basic Installation – Power Wiring

Richard Clark looks into the concept of using a fuse on a Stiffening Capacitor.

A2557

Interfacing the Dreaded Delco-Bose $2.5 Reduced from $3.5. You save $1.00!!

Basic OEM Interfacing

Many new vehicles have complex audio systems. Interfacing these systems can be difficult. However, there are a few basic rules of audio electrical engineering that will solve any interfacing task. Signal to noise ratios and standard procedures are presented.

A2435

Tools, Tips and Techniques of Soldering $3.5

Basic Soldering Tips

How solder works and some tips on the best tools for the job. Cold solder joints are explained.

A2527

Working With dBs $2.5 Reduced from $3.5. You save $1.00!!

Basic Topic - Electronics

How the dB (decibel) scale is used in audio. Examples of problems best solved with dBs are presented. Charts are supplied and the “Rules of the dB Road” sum up the article.

A2551

Resistance, Ohm's Law & Power $2.5 Reduced from $3.5. You save $1.00!!

Basic Topic - Fundamentals

Ohm’s Law, power and wattage defined. Basic problems and examples are presented. Equations for volts, amps, resistance, and power are given.

A2531

Resistors in Action $2.5 Reduced from $3.5. You save $1.00!!

Basic Topic – Resistors

Identifying resistors and a basic definition is given. Examples of calculating resistors in series for the purpose of making a voltage divider are presented.

A2584

Ground Loops $3.5

Basic Troubleshooting

The definition of a ground loop is given along with solutions for breaking the loops.

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